TODAY -

E-Pao! Manipur - Rama worship in Manipur

Rama worship in Manipur

By: AK Vyas *



God does not take birth but incarnates. A formless God can manifest in whatever form(s) he intends to do. He can take same form many times simultaneously.

Of the numerous incarnations, the two incarnations, the incarnations of Rama and Krishna are the most important incarnations till date.

Since God incarnates himself so he has all the capabilities of God from very incarnation time. He need not do special efforts to attain Godly capabilities.

Incarnate God is distinguished with general human beings due to certain inherent virtues and special signs. He enjoys all the six opulence (Aishwarya) infinitely, e.g., full strength, full wisdom, full prestige (fame), full wealth (shree) full attraction or handsomeness and full detachment (Vairagya).

He performs three functions/tasks in the course of incarnate human life, e.g - removes/dispels the hardships of virtuous people, destroys the wicked and establishes righteousness (actually righteousness of a particular time is known as Yugdharma which is modelled on Vedic principles and suits that very time).

Rama had all the six opulence and he performed all the three functions with great perfection and niceness. He is known as Purushottam (excellent among human beings).

E. Nilakanta Singh in his article Ramayan in Manipur Literature and Folk Lore, Quarterly Journal (June 1976) of Manipur State Kala Academy mentions:
'It is difficult to say precisely when Manipur (meaning the valley area of about 700 sq miles) came within the fold of Hindudom. The identification of the Mahabharata Manipur with the present State of this name, which finds support from scholars like Dr RC Majumdar, became the pivot for linking up Manipur with Brahmanical Purana tradition.

Dr SK Chatterjee is of the view that the Meitei people of Manipur were within the Hindufold as early as 500 AD at least.

The copper plate inscriptions of King Khongtekcha (799 AD) start with the word - Sri Hari mentioning the existences of 303 Gods, of whom Hari is the supreme. A Vishnu temple under the Bengal style of architecture was built in the 15th century during the reign of King Kiyamba'.

'But it is only in the early part of the 18th century AD that Rama worship came to stay in Manipur. A great Manipuri King Garibniwaz was initiated to Ramanandi cult of Vaishnavism in 1737 AD under the influence of a religious preacher named Shanti Das Mahanta from Sylhet (present Bangladesh).

Earlier, the King became a convert to Bengal school of Vaishnavism under his guru, Gopal Das. This Ramanandi sect, associated with Ramananda (15th century AD) who preached 'Sita Ram' among all classes of people including Muslims (Kabir was a chief disciple), conceived Rama and Sita combined as the dual incarnation of Vishnu.

Vaishnavism of Ramanandi cult became a state religion during the reign of King Garibniwaz'.

Here it would not be out of consider present State of Manipur with that of Mahabharata Manipur on the ground that ancient Manipur of Mahabharata was beside sea shore so both can't be same.

They consider linking of present Manipur with Mahabharata Manipur as an impossible proposition and they want to link up Mahabharata Manipur with a place located somewhere in present Orissa State.

The recent research that Himalayan ranges are in formative stage and they emerged from sea-belt and as such entire State of present Meghalaya, in days of yore, was under deep sea gives credence to view of scholars like Dr RC Majumdar. If during ancient time the Meghalaya portion was part of sea naturally present Manipur was beside sea-shore.

As per Burmese (Myanmarese) chroniclers Dhajaraja of Shakya origin of Nepal terrai who king of the Manipur in 5th century BC. We know famous Vishnu temple of Angkor Vat was constructed during 12th century AD during ancient time Burma, Java, Sumatra etc were under the pale of Hinduism. Manipur was one of the three silk routes.

The Sangai Express columnist Oinam Anand has seen the Buddhistic articles found in excavation in Manipur. Under the shroud of controversy only large extent DNA test may explode fully the land-locked theory of Manipur and Hindu impact over Manipur.

While exploring the Hindu impact one have to keep in his mind that Hinduism is a continuum and amalgamation of local cult, belief and religion. At the highest level it is monotheistic but at the lower level it is polytheistic.

Considering all these logic we can't reject outrightly the view of Dr Sumiti Kumar Chatterjee that the Meitei people of Manipur were within the Hindufold as early as 500 AD at least.

He further elucidates how Rama worship became more popular in Manipur in following description: 'The King founded an image of Rama alongwith the images of Lakshman, Bharat, Satrughana and Sita and began their worship.

An image of Hanuman was also carved out of a big slab of stone and it was put in the brick temple at a place called Mahabali. Thousands of devotees of Radha Krishna cult still flock to this temple on special occasions, with the prayer for gaining strength to Hanumanji.

That Ramanandi school could not, however prosper with the death of Garibniwaz and was finally replaced by Chaitanaya's School of Vaishnavism during the reign of Rajarshi Bhagyachandra (1769-1798), when the renowned Ras Leela was dedicated to Govindaji in 1780 AD.

The impact of Chaitanaya Deva of Mayapuri West Bengal who is popularly known as Gaurang Mahaprabhu can be seen in every ceremony of Meitei life.

ISKCON movement is also popularising his chanting mantra if sixteen words:
Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna, Krishna, Krishna, Hare, Hare.
Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare hare.


The impact of Rama worship in Manipur is so high that Manipur has a comprehensive Manipuri version of Ramayan compiled by Angom Gopi during the court of King Garibniwaz (1709-1748).

The Ramayan has permeated in Manipuri Durga Puja, old Sankirtana tradition, Kathaks (Wari Leeba) in the Pena music in the Khongjom Parba, in the Lairik Thiba-Haiba and in the Jatra tradition.

To him (Singh, E Nilakanta),
'Rama is divine and an incarnation of Vishnu while Sita represents Lakshmi and for the masses the listening to Ramayan singing constitutes an act of prayer and worship.


AK Vyas wrote this article for The Sangai Express . This article was webcasted on January 11th, 2006.


* Comments posted by users in this discussion thread and other parts of this site are opinions of the individuals posting them (whose user ID is displayed alongside) and not the views of e-pao.net. We strongly recommend that users exercise responsibility, sensitivity and caution over language while writing your opinions which will be seen and read by other users. Please read a complete Guideline on using comments on this website.




LATEST IN E-PAO.NET
  • Protests - AT arrest [Jun 8 night] : Gallery
  • Violence in Manipur 2023-2025 : Timeline
  • Review of 'Rain Stopping in Manipur'
  • Highway blockades trigger soaring prices
  • Voice of the Masses :: Poem
  • Congress may claim if none
  • Learning new skills related to AI
  • Delhi, Raj Bhavan: Losing the plot ?
  • CBI arrest after Governor clemency assurance
  • Aftermath of flooding @ Khurai #1 : Gallery
  • Amuthoiba, Gaisimpu, Horyaola : eMing
  • Appeals Home Minister not to renew SoO
  • Self-defence :: Poem
  • When will humans learn nature's lessons ?
  • Forgotten voices of drug users in Manipur
  • High-yielding RC Manichakhao-1
  • PC Editorial Blank Space : June 09 2025
  • TSE Editorial Blank Space : June 09 2025
  • Flooding at JNIMS Hospital #2 : Gallery
  • North East NSS Festival @ MU : Gallery
  • Namphakey - A Thai Tradition in Assam
  • Understanding Manipur's recurring floods
  • Constitutional role, professional functions
  • Moscow Wushu C'ship: Manipur - 16 medals
  • The Power of Poppy - 84 :: Poem
  • 27th Meira Paibi Numit : Gallery
  • Micromanager vs Leader
  • Valedictory Function of NE NSS Festival
  • WED at various campuses in Manipur
  • World Environment Day 2025
  • Trump's tariff legacy & its global echo
  • Skin Cycling
  • MU: On reaching a milestone
  • WED observance amid flood crisis
  • Flooding at JNIMS Hospital #1 : Gallery
  • Environment Day @Chingmeirong : Gallery
  • Manipur's unyielding struggle for identity
  • Manipur youth lead the way in organic farming
  • Moscow Wushu : Manipur 2 gold & 16 medals
  • World Environment Day at MTI-HUB
  • World Environment Day at Ukhrul
  • Local actions for a global plastic-free future
  • Raj Bhavan since Feb 13, 2025
  • Time to focus on post-flood activities
  • Colonial Knowledge in NE India #3
  • Manipur is more than a name
  • Manipur Hill Areas Act, 1967 : Download
  • Cervical cancer remains 4th biggest cancer
  • Frontline Lessons of entrepreneurial burnout
  • Till death do us apart :: Poem
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Hidden enemy
  • The rain from May 28 to Jun 3
  • Resettlement assurance by ministry officials
  • Flooding Imphal East [31 May] #3 : Gallery
  • Strategic erosion of State authority in Manipur
  • Application : Film Appreciation Course
  • H Ranita leads revolution through SMILE
  • Water logging and floods of MLAs
  • NE In-Charge: Shri Sharda Sarvagya Peeth
  • Stand against border fencing
  • Lessons to learn from consecutive flood
  • Flooding Imphal East [31 May] #2 : Gallery
  • Call for permanent solution to recurring Flood
  • Manipur : Champions 25th Natl Wushu C'ship
  • North East NSS Festival 2025 at MU
  • Healing with Art for children at Relief Camps
  • Restricted movement on NH-02 stalls growth
  • The cadence of life :: Poem
  • The other side of the tragedy
  • Fund misuse slur as Imphal faces flood
  • Flooding Imphal East [31 May] #1 : Gallery
  • Precedent Rodent: The new architect of flood
  • Declare flood in Manipur as "State Calamity"
  • Commitment to end tobacco must translate...
  • The World Goes On :: Poem
  • Tracing the arc of tool making
  • Of rain & more rain & flood
  • NE no more immune to natural disasters
  • Sarangthem Nirupama at Miss Universe India
  • S Nirupama @Miss Universe : Gallery
  • Leimapokpam Ranjita: Nightingale Award
  • Dina Oinam transforming "Waste to Wealth"
  • The Power of Poppy - 83 :: Poem
  • Stop Targeting Against Meetei IDPs
  • Urges Action on Flood Negligence
  • Manipur Hill Areas Act, 1967 #4
  • Helpless Meiteis in their own land, Manipur
  • 9 Signs of a Person Who Truly Leads
  • Open Letter to Prime Minister
  • My life journey: Texas - Lone Star State
  • Summer hair masks
  • 'Free movement will take time'
  • Food grain sufficiency amid flood threat
  • Colonial Knowledge in NE India #2
  • June Calendar for Year 2025 : Tools
  • Women entrepreneurs on biodiversity
  • Management: Etymology- academic discipline
  • Quiet Things :: Poem
  • Condemns attack on NE Shopowner in Delhi
  • Shifting goalpost : Emerging political experts
  • Peaceful protest, so far
  • 2nd Emoinu Fish Festival #2 : Gallery
  • INNOTECH Fest 2025 for Manipur Startup
  • Condolence of Prof J V Narlikar at MU
  • Toxic politics of selling addiction to children
  • Citizens pay, officials delay
  • Tripura Esports Championship Season 1
  • Back from Delhi on 'positive' notes
  • Rooting for withdrawal of PR post Gwaltabi
  • Protesters to Raj Bhavan [May 25]: Gallery
  • The silent guardian of Manipur's environment
  • Strengthening Emergency Medicine in Manipur
  • Manipur's fragile truce between identity
  • Manipur Budget 2025-26: Unequal sharing #2
  • NE youths jobseeker in Delhi : Hospitality
  • My mother, Miss World :: Poem
  • A popular Govt: A better option ?
  • Governor skirts protesters, heightens tension
  • Human Chain @Airport road [May 26]: Gallery
  • Sanatan Sammelan in Manipur
  • 'Great Myna' conservation reaping success
  • WMC Manipur Unit AGM held
  • Wabi Sabi: A unique Japanese philosophy
  • Rescind Siang Dam, Arunachal
  • Another round of talk at Delhi
  • COCOMI-MHA meeting amid Gwaltabi
  • Manipur Hill Areas Act, 1967 #3
  • MoU signed between MDB & GPR Law
  • Guide for Job Seekers & Emerging Leaders
  • NERIST & NIELIT Itanagar Sign MoU
  • The Last Step: Celebrating Manipuri Dance
  • Faint Cries :: Poem
  • Reservation: Privilege or Real Justice ?
  • The virus is still very much alive
  • Bitter, sweet moments of Shirui Lily fest
  • Miss Shirui Pageant Contestant: Gallery
  • Meetei Mayek Summer Camp in Kolkata
  • Where hills hum hope, but ground trembles
  • Manipur railway driving growth & connectivity
  • Point-of-care health technologies
  • The Power of Poppy - 82 :: Poem
  • Colonial Knowledge in NE India #1
  • Manipur Budget 2025-26: Unequal sharing #1
  • Edible insects in biodiversity conservation
  • Mukesh Ambani at NE Investors Summit
  • Bees inspired by nature to nourish us all
  • Influencers! Responsibility should also go viral
  • Natural sunscreen: Exploring safe alternatives
  • Central forces dictating terms in the plains
  • Land of Shirui Lily: Manipur is this & more
  • 48 hrs Bandh: protest security forces: Gallery
  • Manipur is no empty word to be played with
  • Admission for B.Tech, M.Tech at DUIET
  • Condemnation: Govt & Mahar Regiment
  • Dress code, debating etiquette in democracy
  • Cervical cancer prevention through HPV
  • Beauty :: Poem
  • Utter disregard of public sentiment
  • Whispers between Beads & Silences #2
  • Bonds of love across the Burmese border
  • Investigate the action of Mahar Regiment
  • Shirui Lily Festival fosters brotherhood
  • Shining a light on retinoblastoma
  • Trump for Nobel peace prize
  • Protest Rally: Journalist harassment: Gallery
  • Action against harassment to journalists
  • Still, believe :: Poem
  • Change How You Think About Time
  • Nagas preserve heritage through handloom
  • India's declared undeclared war
  • Sanatan Sammelan 2025 at Imphal
  • No 'Manipur' in Manipur order
  • Improvised security steps for Shirui Lily fest !
  • Purul (Hiimai) Paoki Fest #3 : Gallery
  • Youth Empowerment at Shirui Lily Festival
  • Indo-Naga Talks (From 2012) :: Timeline
  • Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai
  • Audit for TB deaths is missing in #EndTB
  • Realm of Power :: Poem
  • Hospitals: Learn a bit about hospitality
  • Keeping the ST for Meiteis demand alive
  • Raking up ST issue as tension grips state
  • Manipur Hill Areas Act, 1967 #2
  • Welcome & Appeal from Shirui Village
  • Thoudam Akashini: Champion master athlete
  • National Endangered Species Day 2025
  • Avert Ego, Soul Near Me :: Poem
  • Clarification regarding News Coverage on AIR
  • Coming back after 4 years: Shirui Lily Fest
  • Festival to test efficiency of SFs
  • 76th Indian Republic Day #5 : Gallery
  • Khuraijam Phulendra Singh
  • Media role in preserving culture & harmony
  • World Hypertension Day 2025
  • Army Veterans pay tribute to Martyr Constable
  • The Power of Poppy - 81 :: Poem
  • Yaoshang Cooking competition : Gallery
  • Rejoice Singh: Makeup / Prosthetic: Gallery
  • Project Associate @ Assam University
  • Internship @ IEEE CIS Kolkata Chapter
  • Article 371C : Role of Governor & HAC #2
  • Recognize real ability, not marks
  • The rise of information warfare
  • Skin care routine for summer
  • Over three months of President's Rule
  • Toiling to reinstate Govt sans consensus
  • Whispers between Beads & Silences #1
  • Just to See :: Poem
  • Artisan blends craft to empower women
  • Chief Justice at Moirang Relief Camp
  • Lalruattluanga win at TrendVision Finale
  • Manipur mourn Deepak Chingakham
  • Strategic shift to underdeveloped regions
  • Candid NSCN (IM) make stand clear
  • Tourism festival under threat
  • 'Yelhou Yangkok Artist' Exhibit #3 : Gallery
  • Cultural @ Tri-Nation Football #2 : Gallery
  • HSLC 2025: Full Result (Check Roll No)
  • HSLC 2025: Important Info & Grading System
  • HSLC 2025 : Compartmental candidates
  • HSLC 2025 : Comparative Statement
  • HSLC 2025 : Statistical Abstract
  • HSLC 2025 : District Pass Percentage
  • HSLC 2025 : Govt School Pass %
  • HSLC 2025 : Aided School Pass %
  • HSLC 2025 : Private School Pass %
  • 21st Ningtham Kumhei #2 : Gallery
  • People's Convention on 3rd May #2 : Gallery
  • Interview with Rejoice Singh- Makeup Artist
  • Featured Front Page Photo 2025 #2: Gallery
  • Nongkhrang Ehanba @ Lilong : Gallery
  • People's Convention on 3rd May #1 : Gallery
  • Radio E-pao: New Channel - Khunung Eshei
  • Khongjom Day - April 23 #2 : Gallery
  • The Waterbirds of Loktak Lake
  • Imoinu Erat Thouni @Kangla : Gallery
  • Statues of 7 Maichous @Kyamgei : Gallery
  • Riya Khwairakpam : HSE Science Topper
  • Keisham Hannah : HSE Arts Topper
  • Warepam Lidia : HSE Commerce Topper
  • HSE 2025 Result : Science Full Result
  • HSE 2025 Result : Arts Full Result
  • HSE 2025 Result : Commerce Full Result
  • HSE 2025 Information / Abbreviation
  • HSE 2025 Topper : Science
  • HSE 2025 Topper : Arts
  • HSE 2025 Topper : Commerce
  • HSE 2025 : Pass Percentage
  • HSE 2025 : Result Abstract
  • HSE 2025 : Candidates with Highest Marks
  • Khongjom Day - April 23 #1 : Gallery
  • Cheiraoba by Manipuri in Korea : Gallery
  • Ougri Lirol :: Part 1 : Ooba Video
  • President's Rule in Manipur : 1967 - 2025
  • Downloadable Manipuri Calendar :: 2025