Rabies or mad dog diseases synonym : Hydrophobia
Kimngaiching Zou *
A rabid dog :: Pix - TSE
The term hydrophobia derived from two words, hydro mean water and phobia mean fear. Thus it means phobia from water and it is called because after affected animal became fear or unable to drink water due to paralysis of pharynx. It is 100%, fatal diseases of all warm blooded animals. The central nervous system is solely involved in the diseases and it is clinically manifested by abnormal behavior, excitement, impairment of consciousness, inability to swallow, paralysis and which followed death. It is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in the world.
Vaccination schedule:
DOGS/CATS CATLLE/BUFFALO/HORSE FERRETES
Primary Vaccination at the age of 2 months 5 months 2 months Booster dose 3 months 6 months 3 months Revaccination 1 year 2 years 1 year Route of Administration 1.M/SC 1.M S.C
ETIOLOGY
RNA virus belongs to family Rabdovirdae and genus lyssavirus is the causative agent of this diseases. The virus is susceptible to heat any disinfectants and in dried saliva within few hours.
SYMPTOMS: four types-
1. CATTLE-FURIOUS FORM: it is manifested by excitibility ,attracking tendency to everybody even to its master, hyperesthesia to any mild sound, in coordination of gait, loud bellowing, increased sexual excitement in bull and it may mount to even inanimate object. Animal become vacant look with red eye and it soon becomes paralysed follows death.
2. PARALYTIC FORM: it is characterized by in coordination of movement, like swaying and sagging of the hind quarter during walking. Erection and twitching of ear flaccidity of tail to one side. Drooling of saliva and yowling movement of jaws, cattle will below incessantly in a characteristic low pitched voice and it is due to paralysis of vocal cord. These are followed by paralysis and animal goes down and may die within 48 hours of decumbency.
3. DOGS-FURIOUS FORM: behavioral change, excitability, biting attitude to everybody even to its master. It snaps barks at imaginary object. It bites inanimate objects e.g. Stone, stick and also drinks its own urine. Dropping of tail, open mouth, protruded tongue and dribbling of saliva. Dog became vacant look with red eyes and mucopurulant ocular discharge. Voice of bark changes. Later it becomes paralyzed followed by death.
4. DUMB FORM: it is also known as paralytic form and paralysis of lower jaw, tongue, larynx and hindquarter is noticed. Lower jaw hangs and profuse salivation occurs. Dog becomes unable to drink or eat and may die within few days.
DIAGNOSIS
It depends on clinical finding and history of bite of mainly a carnivores animals, confirm diagnosis it made by.
1. Cytological test: detection negribodies in gasserion ganglion, hippocampus, medulla oblongata or cerebella.
2. Compliment fixation test (C.F.T)
3. Fluorescent antibody technique.
TREATMENT:
* Progronesis of clinical rabies is very grave and 100% fatal and have no specific treatment, so any attempt to render treatment is fruitless. Clinically rabid animal should be suggested for slaughter or to be isolated and it will die within 10 days of showing symptoms.
CONTROL:
* The site of dog bite should immediately wash with running water and soap which minimize to set up the infection. Dog bite would may treated locally with Alkali, sodium bicarbonate, caustic soda or tincture iodine. Bite would may be cauterized with nitric acid or carbolic acid.
Vacination schedule should be strictly followed to prevent the onset of life threating diseases. Vaccination used as pre bite or post bite as preventive measure and to inhibit the onset the diseases after exposure respectively.
* PRE BITE VACCINATION: veterinarian and person involved in animal treatment should compulsory to take the pre bite antirabies vaccine.
* Primary vaccination may be done at a later age of 3 or 6 month depending upon species.
Then booster dose after one month is not obligatory.
* Vaccines, available in our different centre’s or institutions in our country, are of three (3) type which are stated below:
a) Nerve tissue vaccine: they are prepared from sheep brain tissue suspension (5% and 20%) inactivated through 1% phenol
b) Avianised or chick embryo vaccine: This is made through the passaging of virus in chick embryo.
c) Tissue culture vaccine: This is prepared through the passaging of virus through kidneys cells.
POST BITE VACCINATION:
* 5% carbolised vaccine is to vaccinated for consecutive 14 days at loose skin by S.C route.
* Nerve tissue or tissue culture is to be used in the following ways:
# 0 day (day of bite on): 1st dose vaccine
# 3rd day: 2nd dose vaccine
# 7th day : 3rd dose vaccine
# 14th day: 4th dose vaccine
# 30th day: 1st booster dose
# 90th day : 2nd booster dose
NAME OF ANTIRABIES VACCINE ARE AS FOLLOWS :
1. Nobivac R (intervet)
2. Rabisin (serum institute of India)
3. Rabguard
4. Rabigen mono (Ranbaxy)
5. Raksharab (India immunological)
6. Candor R (candela)
* Kimngaiching Zou wrote this article for The Sangai Express
The writer is 3rd Year student of Assam Agriculture University
This article was posted on December 04, 2013.
* Comments posted by users in this discussion thread and other parts of this site are opinions of the individuals posting them (whose user ID is displayed alongside) and not the views of e-pao.net. We strongly recommend that users exercise responsibility, sensitivity and caution over language while writing your opinions which will be seen and read by other users. Please read a complete Guideline on using comments on this website.