India's super profit; Manipur mortgaged
- Footnotes -

Campaign for Peace & Democracy (Manipur) *

Footnotes

[1] Pre-existing independent Manipur was reduced to a part C state status following the annexation in 1949. It achieved statehood in 1972 after series of violent struggle.

[2] Inaugural address by His Excellency, the Governor of Manipur, Shri B.K. Nehru to the Manipur Legislative Assembly on 30.3.1972.

[3] The North Eastern Council (NEC) was set up in August 1972 under the NEC Act, 1971 (with its Secretariat at Shillong) for regional planning and development.

[4] Table 6.1 Central Assistance to State Plans (State wise, VI Plan to X Plan), Tenth Five Year Plan of India 2002-2007

[5] The Department of Development of North Eastern Region was created in 2001 and was accorded the status of a full-fledged ministry on May 2004.

[6] India's "Look East" Policy represents its efforts to cultivate extensive economic and strategic relations with the nations of Southeast Asia in order to bolster its standing as a regional power and a counterweight to the strategic influence of the People's Republic of China. Link here as accessed on 10 January 2009.

[7] North Eastern Region Vision 2020, Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region, Government of India, May 2008.

[8] 'Memorandum submitted to the Secretary General, United Nations and the Chairman of the Decolonisation Committee (committee of 24) for de-colonisation of Manipur from Indian colonialism and alien racist regime, enlisting Manipur in the list of the non-self-governing-territories of the United Nations and, restoration of independence and sovereignty of Manipur', Revolutionary People's Front (RPF), Manipur. 2nd ed., 1999

[9] UCM's draft policy, p. 7

[10] Dhanabir Laishram, Chaokhatpa Khunnai amasung Meeyam, Centre for Progress of Manipuri People, Imphal, 1998, p. 8

[11] N. Mohendro, 'Development experience in Manipur (1891-1969) and the lost article of self-reliance'. [n. d.] Link here - Accessed on November 3, 2005.

[12] Dipankar Dasgupta, Pradip Maiti, Robin Mukherjee, Subrata Sarkar, Subhendu Chakrabarti, 'Growth and Interstate Disparities in India', Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 35, No. 27 (Jul. 1-7, 2000), pp. 2413-2422

[13] Manipur state development report July 2006, report of a project sponsored by Planning Commission of India, Institute for Human Development, New Delhi

[14] Dhanabir, Chaokhatpa Khunnai amasung Meeyam, p. 8

[15] Tenth Five Years Plan, Planning Commission of India, New Delhi.

[16] Economic Survey Manipur 2005-2006, Directorate of Economic & Statistics, Government of Manipur, Imphal -2006, p. 198

[17] P. Khuman Khomba, 'Youth's Mental Unrest in Manipur', in Youths' mental unrest in Manipur, Imphal, National Research Centre Manipur, 1996., p. 32, 33.

[18] Joykumar Singh, 'Youth's Mental Unrest in Manipur', p. 5

[19] Memorandum of the Forum of Chief Ministers of the North Eastern States Submitted to the Prime Minister on June 21, 2000.

[20] Annual Administrative report of Manipur, 2005-2006

[21] Statement by Dhanabir Laishram Centre For Progress of Manipur Peoples at the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations 17th Session 26 to 30 July 1999.

[22] 'Criticism and constructive submission regarding the study on treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements between states and indigenous populations' [henceforth CORE's Criticism and constructive submission], Report submitted by Centre for Organisation and Research Education, Manipur to the Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, Commission on Human Rights, UN. March 1999.

[23] Such as Environment Impact Assessment, Environment Management Plan, Official Clearance, Public Hearing, absence of favourable compensation and rehabilitation scheme, etc.

[24] A Critical Analysis of The Capital Project, Manipur, Citizens' Concern for Dams and Development, 2005, Imphal.

[25] Khuga canal breaches during trial run' in the Sangai Express, 10 July 2008, Imphal

[26] Jiten Yumnam, 'Mapithel Dam amidst Militaristic Development in Manipur' in the the Imphal Free Press, 6 December 2008, Imphal

[27] State of Environment Report Manipur (Link here ) as accessed on 22 May 2009

[28] 'Compensation for the Loktak Affected Areas', Questions orally answered in Manipur Legislative Assembly Secretariat on Tuesday, 8 May, 2007, Imphal.

[29] Aram Pamei, 'Havoc of Tipaimukh High Dam Project' in Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 36, No. 13 (Mar. 31 - Apr. 6, 2001), pp. 1054+1148

[30] State demands Eight Battalions of Security Forces to protect projects, Hueiyen News Service, 4 March 2009, Imphal.

[31] Construction projects were executed by the government without taking into consideration public opinion and forcibly through use of paramilitary and military forces.

[32] According to World Commission on Environment and Development's (the Brundtland Commission) report, 1987, development is sustainable where it "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." - link here

[33] N. Mohendro, (Development experience in Manipur …)

[34] 'Place of land reform in the plan' in Chapter 9, 3rd Five Year Plan, New Delhi.

[35] Manipur state development report July 2006, report of a project sponsored by Planning Commission of India, Institute for Human Development, New Delhi

[36] Agricultural Policy of the Manipur State, Questions orally answered in Manipur Legislative Assembly Secretariat on Tuesday, 8 May, 2007.

[37] Industrial Policy of Manipur, 1996

[38] Manipur Gazette, Monday, December 9, 1996

[39] Manipur state development report July 2006, report of a project sponsored by Planning Commission of India, Institute for Human Development, New Delhi p. 147

[40] 'Transforming the Northeast, Tackling Backlogs in Basic Minimum Services and Infrastructural Needs', High Level Commission Report to the Prime Minister, Government of India, submitted by the Planning Commission, New Delhi, 7 March 1997

[41] State of Environment Report Manipur (link here) as accessed on 22 May 2009

[42] Population had increased from 577635 in 1951 to 2388634 in 2001 census report.

[43] As late as 1997 Manipur was in possession of only 898 Diesel Engine Pump, 501 Electric Pump Set, 560 agricultural power tillers, 937 wheeled agricultural tractors, 375 Disc Harrow, One seed cum fertiliser drill, 3 Mould Broad Plough, 4 leveller, 26 Power operated maize seller and etc. by 2002 the number of registered factories by class of industry in Manipur, as reported by the Directorate of Commerce and Industry was 1618 rice mills, 96 oil mills, 208 saw mills, 3 dal mills, 47 flour mills, 5 iron works, 3 printing and 34 others.

[44] 'A draft policy to protect and uphold the unique historical features, existing historical boundary and also for bringing emotional integration of the people of Manipur to achieve faster economic development of the state' [henceforth UCM's draft policy], Imphal, United Committee Manipur (UCM), 2002, p.29-30

[45] State of Environment Report Manipur (link here) as accessed on 22 May 2009

[46] Statistical Handbook of Manipur 2002, Imphal, Directorate of economics and statistic, Government of Manipur, 2002

[47] According to Census 2001, Manipur total population was 22,93,896; 3,79,705 were Cultivators and 1,13,630 were agricultural labourers.

[48] Buzuev, Alexander, Economic Inequality of Nations", Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1990