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E-Pao! Essay - Gender Inequality Vs Manipuri Ningol

Gender Inequality Vs Manipuri Ningol

By: Jenni *



Starting with English language, which is the universal language used in almost every nation, gender inequity is always rooted in its various forms. It may merely reflect gender inequalities that already exist but it is important to highlight this point because language influences thought.

As Benjamin Lee Whorf wrote "Speech is the best show man puts on. Language helps man in his thinking". While MAN in English technically refers to all humans and HIS technically refers to the thinking of a single person of either gender, the frequent use to such words could convey the idea that males are more important.

Similarly, do the words Chairman, Policeman, Businessman, and Salesman covey that males are suppose to have these jobs? What is conveyed when there are two words for two genders as in actors and actresses and Hero and Heroine? Usually the base word is male and suffix is added for female forms.

Does the suffix covey that female form is an after thought or less important? There are also differences in usage and metaphor.

Although there is a female and male form for someone who has lost a spouse (Widow and Widower), many people will say "Sally is Henry's widow" but hardly anyone would say, "Henry is Sally's widower".

Why? Is it considered more important that a woman was formerly attached to a man than that a man was formerly attached to a woman? And how come in the pairs Sir/Madam, Master/Mistress, Wizard/Witch, the female version has acquired a negative connotation?

Why are so many animal images applied to women? They may be described as Chicks, Henpeck, Cows, Dogs, Bitch, Kittens, and Birds?"

There are various theories and laws to ensure equality of gender and for the upliftment of women. But there is always a huge gap between theory and practice. The best example of this existing gap is provided by the rural Hindu villages, where theoretically speaking, women are equated with GODDESS, but are, in actual practice, treated like DRUDGES.

In a recent field trip for a project to an Indian village, we group of girls tried to thank the elderly man by touching his feet's for being a very good respondent. But he told us that 'women should not touch their feet because we are devis'. But the actual situation in the village was that of women suffering from anemia due to malnourishment and exploitation in various forms.

How ironic was that? Ill-treatment is coupled with no equal opportunity for social participation in spite of the immense amount of work, which is expected, of them. Same thing happens in many parts of India and all over the world in both urban and rural context.

Molestation, dowry death, rape and various heinous crimes are committed to women everyday. The capital of India, Delhi, is being labeled, as "Delhi is unsafe for women". Many northeast women have always been victims of such criminal activities. It includes the Manipuri women who have always been an example of immense courage and determination.

Back at home; looking at our culture, various political and social aspects, Manipuri women had always played some of the most important roles. Unlike other parts of India, women are treated with due respect and had always been given the platform to raise their voice, participate in various social and political issues.

They are the preserver of our culture, leading torch in various fight for justice. They aren't scared and are ever ready to give up their lives when it comes to protecting their father, brothers, husbands and every youth known or unknown.

Speaking about preserving the cultures and traditions, a wedding ceremony and you would find them dressed up in their best traditional attire of our colorful traditional phanek and phi. Any outsider would be reminded about some remnants or a lineage of princess still sticking to their classical attire.

Picture Courtesy: Prithiviraj Potsangbam


Go to a death ritual and you would find them uniformly dressed in white phanek and phi. Same thing happens in mangani chakouba and other occasions. Even the latest fashion icon chose the traditional dress over other designer items when it comes to such occasion.

When there was a wave of giving up the western skirts and tie as school dress, even the school going children who had never learnt wearing a phanek, happily gave up the comfortable skirts in place of phanek when the boys still enjoy the privilege to wear the western pants and tie as uniform.

It shows how deeply the cultural norms are rooted right from childhood in a Manipuri ningol. It is inherited to every generation of Manipuri women since time immemorial.

Nupi lan of December 12, 1939 which had its immediate cause from artificial famine showed how hundreds of women from various community background and various parts of Manipur took part in the movement to save their country from colonial economic oppression.

Since 1975 onwards Manipuri women have been launching anti- intoxication campaigns to save the save the society from clutches of drugs and alcohol abuses. The Meiraa Paibee movement since 1980 conveys to the world Manipuri women's legitimate concern for the establishment of democracy that upholds democratic rights and national aspirations of the Manipuris.

Had it not been for them, the tortures and unnecessary exploitation on the youths of Manipur would have been countless. They are the savior of innocent youths from unjustified military acts as well as illegal activities, drug and alcohol abuses.

Irom Sharmila is the modern Gandhi who had been fasting for so many years, a feat which had not been achieved even by the 'Father of The Nation' in order to save the youths of Manipur from the exploitation of their basic 'human right to Live' which has been soiled in an unjustified manner by the AFSPA.

The incident of 15th July 2004 was a rare incident in the history of the world where dozen of Manipuri women stripped themselves naked in protest against the state terrorism.

Imagine in a conservative society of Manipur where the mothers and daughter in law are always dressed up in the most dignified manner, baring it all must have been the most difficult thing in the world. But what was the driving force that compelled them to do so without even a second thought?

Surely the gravity of pain and hardships rendered to them, their family and every victims by such cruel tortures. I found some insensitive people laughing at such incidents but did they ever ponder that if their own family had been victims of such heinous crimes, would they even think about twice before taking up such kind of steps?

Women enjoy a respectable position in the patriarchal society of Manipur but in many parts of the world and specially India, she is still being treated as a burden, an object of use and throws.

Since time immemorial, poets, writers, and artist have immortalized women. Most of the songs of movie prefer to dedicate it to mother rather than father and mostly by the son. Some lyrics even goes as such," mother I don't tell you anything but you understand everything about my fears, aspirations".

Then why such double standards when it comes to treating them, of theory being miles apart from practical? A women nurture her child in her womb for nine months, giving life to the little child everyday, and why such prejudice against the 'life giver'.

She is referred to 'mother earth' -the nurturer of life, but why is she humiliated for small errors? It's high time that every society learns to appreciate them, for what they are and to let practical go in par with theory and the preaching.

Because a society cannot bloom with all hues and colors without the 'other half'.

Related Article


* Jenni contributes to e-pao.net regularly. This article was webcasted on January 27th, 2008.


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