TODAY -

E-Pao! Drug Awareness Education - Hey Computer Science Student!!!

Hey Computer Science Student!!!

sinuxs *



Are you arguably enjoying your intellectual fun with computer or just playing the mundane things of watching movies and listening songs?

Have you ever struck once or ever imagine, out of curiosity, how and why things work out inside a computer system?

Or, you simply think that it works like that, otherwise it won't incredibly be!

Are you not curious to know what's going at your computer system the moment you pass the 230 volt AC? Or, did you convict yourself pithily that the whole year of your life will be just going to keep on praising the discoveries of others?

Ken Thompson wrote the UNIX operating system in the 70s.
Richard Stallman started the GNU revolution in the 80's;
Bill Gates co-programmed the whole BASIC language then.
Larry Wall started Perl Language.
Linus Torvalds started writing the Linux operating system in the 90s.
Larry Page and Sergin Brin started the Google.
Tim O'rielly coined the web2.0 - the online networking system.
Mark Zuckerberg founded the 'FaceBook' in 2004.

What else could be next? - The coming of second life? My answer is straight and simple forward - You can do anything as innovative as these people are, as long as you're curious to know what's happening inside the computer box, at the same time, the eagerness to know why these people are doing those.

Simply raising curiosity on somebody's discovery doesn't make sense at all. Be a part of the discovery and then only going to feel a fun for being a part of it. I just make fun with Linux kernel.

Linux is incredibly a beautiful intimidating beast of a kind of operating system. It's evolving and its revolution has done it pompously already a decade ago. So often, I keep on wondering (and praising) why all the efficient algorithms and parameters of a known computer science paradigm are put on this open source kernel.

And frequently, I keep on asking myself, why the computer science students are not tempted to comprehend this beast instead of going through the despicable-cranky four year course. Every Linux kernel version assures to possibly deprecate the old concepts as much as scintillating the new efficient ones.

The x-86 assembly languages, the c data structures, the hardware dependency algorithms, the platform independent compilation techniques, the improving algorithms of CPU and hardware resource manager, the excusable borrowed concepts from contemporary operating systems and much more.

Where could you get such privilege to know all in one thing? Of course, the Linux kernel code is seriously intimidating. It is. But it's not written by an alien or Martian species. It's by our fellow being only. And even then, it's not written in cryptic zeroes and ones machine language - it's written in human readable form.

Why should be seriously find inexplicable excuse on the size of the subject? Why it shouldn't be fun? You got the opportunity to learn the assembly language while going through the booting phase - the process of loading the Linux kernel when the system is started first time.

While at the booting stage, you got the real mode assembly environment with the system BIOS calls and many possible things to interact with your basic hardware - CPU, mouse, disk, and adapter. These are seriously easy because the documentation is right there always at the finger of your tip - Google.

This in fact enforces you to learn the assembly language. Is this not practically a fun to learn one of your computer science courses - Assembly Language? Learning assembly language means learning underlying computer architecture - the Intel Microprocessor.

Now, your Microprocessor course is coming into picture. Interacting and configuring the hardware components through BIOS calls let you know why these damn BIOS is required during your computer start.

And BIOS is a read only memory implies the implication that all physical memory is not only RAM sticks but ROM stick also. Now you are going to know the concept of memory holes. Physical memory is not a contiguous addressable bytes but do contains a holes (a reserve space you cannot store user programs) - those region mapped by a system ROM and memory mapped devices.

Now the booting phase let the BIOS stores the interrupt vector table (an array of Interrupt service Routines) on the first part of the memory, letting you know the reason of "why my computer restarts on pressing 'CTRL-ALT-DEL' ".

During booting phase, you are required to know the Intel 8086 architecture and the 386 or Pentium architecture like real mode, protected mode, GDT, IDT, LDT (descriptor tables), cache mapping (n-way set-associative), paging, segmentation etc. Is this not the practical way of learning Microprocessor?

Now the booting phase is terminated (after basic initialization of the available hardware: Searching of hardware is done by a python script - anaconda.) by laying out the basic execution environment to run the c program. I'm describing a little bit to let you know how simple it is.

Linux kernel is nothing but a big c program with seemingly interspersed mingling of complex computer algorithms. At this first stage, no compiler/linker is there. The Linux kernel code has to manage itself to have its own execution environment.

It has defined its own stack (for any function/system call), page table (for mapping linear/virtual address to physical page), and Interrupt descriptor table (for any interrupt). These things imply that you've to define an efficient data structure for storing these kernel related data.

An algorithm is closely related with the underlying data structure which it's going to manipulate. The efficiency of the code depends on the complexity of the algorithm and this complexity is again a function of the data structure which it's going to handle.

For instance, you cannot apply quick sort algorithm on a large set of data. Because, worse case complexity is O(n square). That means the running time is at most the square of the size of input. The more the input, the horrible the running time will be. Choosing a better data structure implies knowing the algorithmic complexity of its associated algorithm.

For instance, sorting of a small set of data, people normally refer quick sort. But for large set of data, Heap sort is preferably use (complexity=O(nlogn)). Why not Merge sort? - the complexity equal to Heap-sort.

The space complexity of Heap sort is constant where as Merge sort is O(n). This is the reason. For your information, O(n) gives the time complexity (upper bound - ATMOST) and (n) gives the space-complexity(lower bound - ATLEAST).

All these pictures will be requiring painting if you seriously want to know why a particular thing or data structure is oriented or applied in Linux code. Linus Torvalds always ensures to use the best known algorithm at any point of Linux.

If a particular data structure is found to be incompatible with the real world, he will promise to deprecate it soon. One thing was happening at the scheduler of Linux version<=2.4. The complexity was O(n) - linearly dependent on the number of run able processes.

Whereas the latest running Linux version >=2.5 has O(1) - a constant time. O(1) (of Ingor Monar) implies that the running time is independent of the number of run able processes. Linux scheduler will execute at the same pace no matter how many run able processes are waiting on the processor queue.

Another conspicuous thing happens is on virtual region data structure. A virtual region is a homogeneous contiguous address space in a virtual address space like code segment, data segment or stack segment. Previously (24), the region is solely represented by AVL tree (balance binary tree of balance factor=1).

Now red-black tree also comes into picture at this structure. AVL is use for searching and red-black tree is use for insertion/deletion. The suddenly acceptation of Andrea Arcangeli's Red Black Tree implementation (of virtual regions) by Linus Torvalds is a noted one.

Linus has never been compromise on efficiency. Both the Binary Search Trees has the same efficiency theoretically (complexity of O(logn)) but practically, RB Tree shows good performance in the long run, because each tree requires rotation to balance itself.

The complexity of rotation in AVL Tree is more expensive (O(logn)) than the RB Tree (O(1)). When you come across here, you need to know the various possible operations of AVL and Red-Black Trees and how to implement them. Is this not a good way to learn computer science data structures? I bet you are.

Every data structure or code snippet gives the reason to think why it's like this and NOT that way. And the moments of knowing those REASONS are the real FUN to appreciate. Learning computer science subject theoretically is a real boredom. You learn it. You forgot it.

You start feeling computer as a multimedia kit. And finally, you start abusing the computer. And eventually, you end up in praising the innovations of others. And this loop continues forever. I'm saying from my point of experience. Learning Linux kernel is a FUN.

The only thing requires is the passion of learning. I know recently and exactly why Linus Torvalds said it so. Learning something is learning to help others. Today whole world is using Linux unbelievably at the cost of thousands of hackers. Knowledge sharing is the key to real happiness.

Knowledge sharing is again unbelievably easier these days at the cost of Google. I believe Google will always been inspire many generations to come. Hundreds of Linux hacker started migrating to Google. The use of Linux kernel in the recent Google Mobile OS, Android is a major step.

Ankit Fadia has properly coined today's generation - ICE AGE. ICE stands for Information Communication Entertainment. The coming of web 2.0 is the real boon of this running decade with social networking (Blogs) giving intense perspective.

We're started living at an environment where geography is the only barrier. Wikipedia and Face book have been the future promising web buzzwords. With all these tools and things, there is nothing sort of information a person can look for. The web is a learning platform.

There lies the real potential to search and discover your own talents. You might have stopped learning. But the web never stops.

If you're a serious programmer, come and join the real fun of learning new things. Among them, Linux is also waiting to play with you.

Playground: www.google.com

"If Linux is not FUN... why to DO it?" - Linus Torvalds


* sinuxs contributed this article to e-pao.net . The writer can be contacted at sinuxs(at)yahoo(dot)com . This article was webcasted on 21st December 2007.


* Comments posted by users in this discussion thread and other parts of this site are opinions of the individuals posting them (whose user ID is displayed alongside) and not the views of e-pao.net. We strongly recommend that users exercise responsibility, sensitivity and caution over language while writing your opinions which will be seen and read by other users. Please read a complete Guideline on using comments on this website.




LATEST IN E-PAO.NET
  • Candle Light- Chongtham Vikram : Gallery
  • Violence in Manipur 2023-2026 : Timeline
  • Manipuri Pony Heritage Talk to Students
  • Souls with no sacred flame :: Poem
  • International Primate Day 2026
  • Misuse of Tapentadol: A grave danger
  • North East Creator Circuit 2026
  • Memorial Service for Nimananda Das
  • Clean chit on Sept 3, suspended on Sept 8 !
  • Presenting the reality to Delhi
  • Colonial records: Hill Areas, 1891-1947
  • Joint Resolution: Abrogation of SoO
  • NRC in Manipur : Time for 'walk the talk'
  • Elimination of Racial Discrimination
  • Manipur after conflict: Shared hope
  • Condemn Arson at Lhungjang Primary School
  • International Literacy Day 2026
  • Demands Abrogation of SoO
  • Decision to stay away from Assembly
  • Justice for 6 Liangmai Nagas #1 : Gallery
  • Manipur Can Simply Be Manipur
  • PhD Admission at Assam University
  • What delimitation could mean for Manipur
  • The puppet :: Poem
  • International Peace Poster Contest
  • Electoral Rolls of Senapati published
  • Bringing eco activity to a halt
  • Exploring The Vanishing Self #9
  • Teachers' Day Celebration : Gallery
  • Census 2027 for Manipur deferred
  • Somehow, We Continue :: Poem
  • Limping towards normalcy : Manipur Today
  • MoUs with 14 Institutions signed
  • Read Meitei Mayek news in romanized English
  • Tracing the evolution of territorial boundaries
  • Natural Farming through Rice-Water mimosa
  • Demands Justice in May 13 Massacre
  • Monsoon handcare tips for this rainy season
  • 'Dipholu' to release in theatres in Oct
  • Importance of road connectivity
  • NEROCA Vs Navy : Durand Cup : Gallery
  • Why Manipur's NRC cannot be delayed
  • A teacher by chance, a mentor by choice
  • Study & Career Pathways in South Korea
  • Is it real peace or not ? :: Poem
  • 'Bokshi' trailer spotlights Sikkim's myths
  • When the last-resort antibiotic fails
  • Expectations from the Government
  • 24-hour Gen Strike (Sep 1) : Gallery
  • JNIMS Paper IV : A roadmap for reform
  • An uncle calloused hand carried Manipur boxer
  • Natural Farming: A New Business Frontier
  • What ails the SoO arrangement
  • LGBI Airport Enhances Landing Safety
  • Taking NRC case to Delhi
  • Panthoibi Anoi Khuthek #1 : Gallery
  • Book on the History of Manipur released
  • Insights of Natural Farming in Day Today Life
  • Training on Mushroom Cultivation
  • Brutality of wars and conflicts
  • 'Govt Accountable for N Teikhang Killings'
  • 20th Charter Nite Celebrated
  • From Naga MLAs to Amit Shah
  • 48-hour General Strike by JFD #3 : Gallery
  • Wungshungmi, Kaduangaipouu : Eming
  • Culturals from Manipur at Delhi Fashion Week
  • Leaders versus politicians
  • The Mask !! :: Poem
  • Indonesian - community-led HIV responses
  • Stand to put census on hold
  • The flame of Haipou Jadonang
  • Kang Khichri Chaba #2 : Gallery
  • Manipur's Peace Begin With Refusal to Hate
  • The Highway of Hope & the Road of Blood
  • Bleeding Mother :: Poem
  • NEET-UG 2026 Pangal Students of Tripura
  • Meghalaya shines: Delhi Fashion Week 2026
  • 'Tell your folks to be human'
  • Exploring The Vanishing Self #8
  • September Calendar for Year 2026 : Tools
  • One Table, Many Tongues
  • Use of Rice Husk on Controlling Insect Pest
  • The First Bus :: Poem
  • Census deferred & NRC begins
  • Flood-Affected Communities in Upper Assam
  • Relevance of NRC, 1951 for immigrants
  • Natural Farming in Ancient Manipur
  • JNIMS Paper III : A case in point
  • National Sports Day 2026 Inaugurated
  • Condemns Killing of 5 Naga Civilians
  • 'Meetei Needs ST protection'
  • Need to go beyond issuing warnings
  • 61st Hunger Marchers' Day #1 : Gallery
  • Featured Front Page Photo 2026 #4: Gallery
  • Plain Flowerpecker sighted in Kasom Khullen
  • A mother's hope :: Poem
  • Condemns Killing of Naga Civilians
  • 1st day of Northeast India Space Workshop
  • Ticket to Hornbill 2026 Announced
  • Guns, guns everywhere in the hills
  • The King Who Caught a Bird : Konthoupa
  • JNIMS Paper II : The anatomy of a disconnect
  • GI-Tagged Natural Farming Could Turn NE
  • Condoles Passing of Huirem Ongbi Ibeni
  • Tree Plantation Drive 1.7 - Koirengei
  • NE Bands at Soundscapes of India
  • Make the JMG Report Public
  • Growing call to update NRC
  • Meira Rally 'No NRC, No Census' : Gallery
  • Day Dreaming of a Vision for a True Change
  • ChipCraft: RTL, IP Integration Course
  • Before the Census, Count the Future :: Poem
  • Khelo India Samvaad in Senapati
  • Induction Programme for Group-A & B Officers
  • Chumoukedima Councillors joined NPF
  • Questions people should raise
  • FC Reangdai Vs TRAU : Durand Cup : Gallery
  • Fast-Growing Tree Species: Link in Farming
  • Manipuri Sahitya Parishad Awards 2026
  • MTU Disaster Risk Reduction Club
  • Meeting with IDPs
  • Imphal-Guwahati Route continue on 3rd Day
  • Ambedkar Medical Aid Scheme Extended
  • 48-hour General Strike by JFD #2 : Gallery
  • Ghosts of Khadawmi: Numbers, Nationhood
  • Why Healthcare must be governed differently
  • Tree Plantation, "Loushangkhong Ningol Van"
  • Shobha Shukla "Justice unbound" : Book Rvw
  • Makeup meltdown during Monsoon
  • Science for Viksit Bharat at IBSD
  • Unresolved questions continue to hang
  • Exploring The Vanishing Self #7
  • Gen Z Rising: Pandora's Box Is Open ?
  • Northeast India Space Workshop 2026
  • Wanglembam Gobin: National Teachers Award
  • Broken heart :: Poem
  • Khemchand's bus & laity
  • Mumbai-Ghy as "Bhupen Hazarika Express"
  • Manipur Expeditionary Force, World War I
  • Waqf Amendment Act: An Analysis
  • 80th Independence Day @ Senapati : Gallery
  • Lanchenba : National record at 52nd Aquatics
  • The petition in Parliamentary democracy
  • Support for Children with Special Needs
  • Cracking down on protesters
  • 135th Patriots' Day @ Thangal Tomb : Gallery
  • India-Myanmar territorial exchange
  • The quiet alienation of living in Manipur
  • Babina wins AHPI Leadership Awards 2026
  • Brazil's favelas are reimagining HIV prevention
  • Foreign funds & responsible civil society
  • Dipholu release postponed
  • Taking the NRC demand to Delhi
  • 48-hour General Strike by JFD #1 : Gallery
  • Most neglected root causes of Manipur crisis
  • If the State moves on Agarwood now
  • The genesis of wars and conflicts :: Poem
  • Support to "No NRC, No Census"
  • The gem of transparent public procurement
  • Understanding the angst of the people
  • 35th Manipuri Language Day, 20 August
  • 'Beating of the Retreat' #2 : Gallery
  • Citizens of Manipur can reverse the downslide
  • Condolence Message : Niketu Iralu
  • Delhi Fashion Week 2026 launched
  • Community-based model transforming HIV
  • Eco-Sustainable 'Pine Home' Project
  • Assembly resolution of 2022: Update NRC
  • 77th Indian Republic Day #5 : Gallery
  • Engagement: SCGJWD Logistics & Transworld
  • 'Toy Gun' Featured in at BISFF 2026
  • India shrinking relationship with neighbours
  • A generation that undervalue experiences
  • Visit to displaced Naga families at Makhan
  • 8th Foundation Day of World Meetei Council
  • Rising call for NRC first, census later
  • 80th Independence Day @ 1st MR : Gallery
  • Durand Cup : Touching the hearts
  • 2nd "Fields of Hope" at Bengaluru
  • The torchbearers of Independent Bharat
  • Abok Ki Singju: A Student Film
  • 80th Independence Day at 1st MR Ground
  • 80th Independence Day at Senapati
  • Peace begins with us :: Poem
  • Delhi Fashion Week 2026 Auditions
  • Reliance Foundation's Scholarships open
  • Remembering the martyrs of 1891
  • NEROCA Vs TRAU: Durand Cup #2 : Gallery
  • Manipur: The best place on earth If we change
  • Why Manipur Needs Special Economic Zone
  • 7-Week Free Cancer Screening
  • Safe Release of 3 Thadou Individuals
  • Cambodia's HIV success
  • Normalcy still a far cry away
  • 135th Patriots' Day @ Hicham : Gallery
  • In Search of Peace in Manipur
  • Manipur: NRC before it will accept Census
  • India-Myanmar border dispute & land swap
  • 135th Patriots' Day at Arunachal
  • What is ABHA ?
  • How to eliminate the smell from home
  • Call to surrender all illegal arms
  • A Brief History of DM College
  • 2026 MaolKeki Memorial Scholarships
  • MU's intervention in Manipur's crisis
  • Hiroshima and Nagasaki revisited
  • Harshit Dhingaun: "Best Bollywood Host"
  • Organ Donation : The gift of life
  • LGBI Airport Advances Water Sustainability
  • Power supply : The rising need
  • Ibudhou Thangjing Haraoba #2 : Gallery
  • MKF Robert Memorial Internship Award
  • Indigenous Peoples Day @Chingmeirong
  • A bodybuilding saga from Ukhrul
  • World Elephant Day 2026
  • Endorsed Rio's letter to Home Minister
  • YAS Employee Association suspends Strike
  • Call to enlist Meiteis in ST category
  • Raengdai Vs TRAU - Durand Cup : Gallery
  • Youth Advocacy, Civil Society, & Peacebuilding
  • Panthung (The Last Spring Of Love)
  • The Price of Your Vote :: Poem
  • Wakol Laoba : A Philosophical Analysis
  • Moirang Phi: Living fabric of Manipuri Culture
  • Lifetime Achievement Award for 4 Scientists
  • 13th CM Kang Tournament : Gallery
  • N Tomchou : Gold @ Asian Weightlifting
  • 77th Indian Republic Day #4 : Gallery
  • The chappals we leave behind
  • Takhellambam Rani: National Handloom Award
  • Col M Ranjit's book: Long journey west
  • Mandengbam Jadumani @ Airport : Gallery
  • Naophangpa & the Boy Who Saved Kangla
  • Tingkuradin : Sacred text of Tingkao Ragwang
  • Raengdai Vs Navy Durand Cup : Gallery
  • Colonial Knowledge Production in NE India #24
  • Naga Peace Process: Indo-Naga Talk: Timeline
  • Search 25 years of e-pao.net
  • Remembering the Forgotten Army
  • YengjaKhige : Story on friendship released
  • Candle Light Vigil @Kangla : Gallery
  • Zomi Leaders meet CM @Imphal : Gallery
  • Honoring 3 Global Achievers from Manipur
  • NE Book Fair Imphal @Lamphel #1 : Gallery
  • Leinana Yomlibi - A Dynamic Musical Offering
  • Thailand's community-led HIV revolution
  • Mirabai Chanu won a gold medal
  • North East India Fest @ London : Gallery
  • Kang Khichri Chaba #1 : Gallery
  • Colonial Knowledge Production in NE India #23
  • 135th Durand Cup: Manipur's football empire
  • 17th Anniv of Rabina & Sanjit: Gallery
  • Kang Chingba @Kakwa, Singjamei : Gallery
  • Posts @ Life Sciences, Manipur Univ
  • A rainy day @ Ima Keithel : Gallery
  • Ahingee Laan @ JNMDA #3 : Gallery
  • Early History of Manipuri Sahitya Parishad #3
  • The Forgotten Kings : A Hearthside Story
  • Kang Chingba @Thangal Keithel : Gallery
  • Kang Chingba @Govindajee Temple : Gallery
  • 63rd Mr Manipur @ MU #5 : Gallery
  • Seasonal Fishes @Ima Keithel #3: Gallery
  • Solo Dance: Wahengbam Debina #2: Gallery
  • Yumjao Lairembi Haraoba #2 : Gallery
  • Sillam Sintha Jagoi @ATINGA : Gallery
  • 360° panoramic view of spots in Manipur
  • ANSAM Rally demanding justice : Gallery
  • 25th The Great June Uprising #2 : Gallery
  • Candle Light Vigil @ New Checkon : Gallery
  • Massacres perpetrated by Kukis during British
  • Remains of 6 Naga hostages @JNIMS: Gallery
  • Tronglaobi: 2 children laid to rest : Gallery
  • Final Merit List : Manipur Civil Services 2022
  • PUCL Tribunal report: A shadow of partiality #3
  • PUCL Tribunal report: A shadow of partiality #2
  • PUCL Tribunal report: A shadow of partiality #1