The story of 40 pineapple suckers
75 years of pineapple cultivation (1947 - 2022)

Gin Gangte *

Xth State Level Manipur Pineapple Festival at Khousabung, Churachandpur in August 2017 :: Pix - Lamdamba Oinam

At the threshold of history! On August 19 2022, history will be created in Khousabung Region as the majestic 'Monolith' -commemorating the 75 Years of Pineapple Cultivation will be unveiled for the public. The 'Monolith' by all accounts is a living testimony ofthe "Pioneers" -their spirit and Conviction in Labour, Vision & the spirit ofEntrepreneurship.

We are most indebted to them for their path-breaking venture for the younger generations. With the much awaited the XVth State Level Manipur Pineapple Festival & Celebration of 75 Years of Pineapple Cultivation rolling, all roads will lead to the 'historic' Dr Kalam Ground in Bunglon High School Campus, Churachandpur District. A "Sea of Humanity" will throng the famous Dr Kalam Road vis-a-vis Dr Kalam Ground.

A mile-stone in the wings! More than seventy five years ago, just a little away before the dawn of India's Independence, to be precise in Circa 1947, a progressive farmer by name Pu Songpu Gangte planted just 40 pineapple suckers at Khousabung in Churachandpur District of Manipur.

The 40 pineapple suckers that were planted 75 years ago have forever changed the history and destiny of Khousabung District Council Constituency (DCC) area in particular and the state in general, revolutionizing pineapple cultivation as a livelihood alternative in Manipur.

Pineapple, a tropical fruit famous for its "thorny crown" has been first cultivated in Brazil. Pineapple was first called "anana", a word derived from the Tupi-Guarani word "nanas" in South America, which literally means "excellent" fruit. Despite the fact that ananas had long been grown and eaten in South America, the explorer Cbristopher Columbus was still credited for the discovery of the fruit in 1493. He found it on the Island of Guadeloupe, which is now a French overseas territory in the South Caribbean. Pineapple cultivation was introduced to India by the Portuguese in 1548 AD.

The People's Festival:

With the aim of promotion of pineapple to the next level and focusing on empowerment of the farmers for sustainable development, and with the aim of finding better and sustainable marketing avenues, the State Level Manipur Pineapple Festival was celebrated for the first time in 2008 at Khousabung DCC Headquarters in Churachandpur District. Since then, the festival is being celebrated every year, comes the "Season of Joy".

Bearing in mind the "State Level" tag and respecting the spirit of the festival, the festival was celebrated in different places and locations over the year - be it at the State capital Imphal (2011), Sendra in Bislumpur District (2012), to name just few. It is noteworthy that the festival has been participated in by hues in thousands over the years, aptly becoming the "People's Festival".

It is imperative here to mention that the State Level Manipur Pineapple Festival is much more than a festival, much deeper than the glamour of show and extravaganza or photo ops of VVIPs. The core agenda of the festival was, is and will always be a people's movement, a movement for Grassroots development. A movement for progress.

A movement for prosperity. A movement for "Survival of All". A movement for "Equal" footing. A movement for financial uplift of the farmers. A movement for "peace & brotherhood". A movement for the overall higher economic pitch of the State. As of date, there are more than 500 pineapple farmers registered with the Manipur Pineapple Festival Committee, Manipur.

Pineapple: A Case for State Fruit

Promotion of a product or anything that matters requires 'recognition'. History has it that pineapple has been cultivated in Manipur for over many centuries. Added to this, pineapple is the largest fruit produced in Manipur - far ahead of Orange, Lemon or Passion Fruits. It is cultivated in almost all the 16 districts of the state.

Considering the need for promotion and recognition, and owing to historical richness and large scale production of pineapple in the state, coupled with 75 years of cultivation as alternative livelihood profession by large section of the farmers' community, it is desirable that "Pineapple" may be accorded the status of "State Fruit" and declaration of the same by the Government of Manipur.

The 'First Blood' Cultivators:

When Pu Songpu Gangte planted 40 pineapple suckers at Khousabung in 1947, it was soon followed by others as a profession, and the process of pineapple cultivation gradually spread to new areas, one after the other. Among those early cultivators were Pu Khamzathang Gangte, the late Chief of Bunglawn, Pu (L) Kamsoi Gangte, Pu (L) Nielgo Gangte, and others. They took to pineapple cultivation on a massive scale and the pineapple cultivation has spread its wings by becoming an alternative livelihood profession.

We are most grateful and indebted to them. May their souls rest in peace. My father, the Late Chief of Bunglawn once told me that pineapple suckers were collected from Lakhipur in Assam. He said that he himself had collected pineapple suckers from Lakhipur and transported it by flight. They were the forerunners who planted the Giant Kew variety of Pineapple in Manipur, even if the Queen varieties were found in Thoubal area of the state.

'What is unique in their approach was that the "First Blood" cultivators have chosen pineapple cultivation as a livelihood alternative, which stands the test of time, for the 1.t 75 years.

The Manipur Experience:

Locally known as "Lengthei" in Gangte dialect, which means the "King of all Fruits", pineapple has been cultivated in almost all the 16 districts of Manipur. This is clear from the fact that "Pineapple Festivals" are being celebrated in some part of the state or other, from time to time, apart from the "State Level" celebration.

According to a survey conducted by the Manipur Pineapple Festival Committee, Manipur in August 2008, Churachandpur District is the largest producer of pineapple in the state, thanks to the large-scale productions of pineapple within the jurisdiction of Khousabung District Council Constituency. There are about 500 pineapple farmers in Khousabung DCC alone with an area of over thousands acres of land being under cultivation.

As one takes to Khousabung DCC Headquarters, a lively sprawling pineapple farm, with all scenic beauty of the hills would mesmerize the visitors. A cynosure of all eyes, indeed! The Giant Kew variety of pineapple, with all nutritious contents, has been known by many as one of the best pine-apples in the world.

Come August, the Giant Kew variety booms to its zenith turning the month of August as the "Season of Joy" for the pineapple farmers. While the size of the Giant Kew variety has shown appreciable looks, the average weight of one pineapple is about 3 kg. The harvest season of people is a high point of the year for the pineapple lovers and farmers of the state.

Seventy five years down the line, yet all is not well and there are mounting problems being faced by the farmers' community. To begin with, transportation is always a headache for the farmers as there are hardly good and motorable roads within the periphery of the sprawling pineapple farms. In the absence of modern transportation, the farmers have to transport the harvested pineapple by traditional means, carrying the pineapple basket (pawtlang) on their back.

Secondly, marketing is another problem being faced by the farmers. With no large scale fruit processing industry in the state, pineapples have to be sold in the open market only for human consumption, which Limits the selling capacity and the price of pineapple are being compromised, much to the agony of the farmers. The Queen varieties of pineapple, which are harvested in the month of June, are predominantly found in Thoubal and Imphal East.

Xth State Level Manipur Pineapple Festival at Khousabung, Churachandpur in August 2017 :: Pix - Lamdamba Oinam

The Khousabung Experience:

Even as Khousabung DCC area is the largest producer of pineapple in Manipur, the area appears to be one of the most "neglected" areas in terms of development and governance for decades. Although Khousabung Region has given the state a pride of place in the arena of pineapple cultivation, on the other hand, the Government is yet to deliver it's due to the people and its intervention is wanting.

Decades of apathy and lackadaisical approach of the power that be have resulted in Khousabung DCC as one the "backward" area in Manipur. Notwithstanding the fact that the people of Khousabung area worked and toiled through thick and thin, braving the mercurial sun and rains.

A true reflection of their grit and determination in upholding the "dignity of labour", they have chosen the profession for the last 75 years, giving an "alternative" livelihood mission, pioneering a profession since India's Independence. Even as Khousabung area is the largest producer of pineapple in the state, giving Manipur a rightful place in the arena of pineapple cultivation in India, howsoever, Khousabung deserves better attention from the Government of the day.

Basically, there are three "Es" which can transform and take Khousabung, unchallenging and undisputed the "Capital" of 'Pineapple" and its surrounding areas to a giant new leap forward as under:

1. Administrative Empowerment:

Khousabung and its surrounding areas may be able to see the light of development and taste the fruit of India's freedom by "Empowering" them with necessary administrative machinery. This can be achieved by creating Khousabung as a "special" zone and establishing Government's administrative wings such as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) or at least creation Khousabung Sub - Division for speedy progress and holistic development.

In such a scenario, the Government representative, say - the ADC or SDO can best deliver the Government's agenda at the grassroots level, resulting in transforming the "backward" area to a "model" colony or region of Mother Manipur.

2. Infrastructural Empowerment:

Khousabung area is still lacking in basic infrastructural amenities, though they have been the largest producer of pineapple in Manipur. Towards this end, the role of Government is imperative, with setting up of "Fruit Processing Centre" to yield added value of pineapple, leading to economic booms for the farmers and pushing the state's GDP higher-up, besides generating hundreds of employment avenues in toto. A cold storage for preservation of the seasonal fruits through all seasons may also be set-up to help the farmers in yielding better returns.

3. Financial Empowerment

There are no basic financial institutions in Khousabung area till today. Although there are about 500 pineapple farmers who worked and toiled through day in and day out, however, they are denied financial savings sans financial institutions. The much talked of "Financial Inclusion" is still a wild dream for the farmers of Khousabung area as there is not a single banking sector in the area.

Opening of financial institutions such as State Bank of India (SBI) may be given top priority. The Final Call: Seventy five years of Pineapple cultivation and more than decade of grassroots movement, in the form and style of Manipur Pineapple Festival, however, it is sad but true that there has been lacked of zeal and enthusiasm from successive Governments to promote horticulture crops and the farming community per se. In the midst of changing political dynamism, there is however a silver lining of hopes for the future.

It is, therefore, interesting to note that the success of India's Mt East Policy, particularly in the case of Manipur, will solely rest with the success of horticultural crops and availability of indigenous products for outside exports. With the 'dynamic' Chief Minister in Pu Nongthombam Biren Singh leading at the front and a 'charismatic' Minister for Horticulture & Soil Conservation, Pu Letpao Haokip actively pursuing the goal, there is a glimmer of hope for the future. Towards this end, an administrative mechanism that links the Government and the people of Khousabung Region is the need of hour.

Post Script : A New Ray of Hope

In recent years, there is a strong movement that is taking place among the farmers' community for better and healthier production of pineapple. Under the initiative of Manipur Organic Mission Agency (MOMA), there are over 5000 pineapple farmers in Churachandpur District alone taking up organic farming as a mission, of which 200 have already got Organic Certification and others are in the process for certification

. The paradigm shift from "Chemical Fertilizer" to "Organic" farming would be a great boost for the farmers in the long run. The recent major development in the corridor of the State's Horticulture & Soil Conservation in airlifting 20 MT of organic pineapple to Dubai has raised a new hope and vista for the pineapple farmers of the state. It is hoped that the expansion of the pineapple market in the form of 'export' will definitely help the farmers' community in yielding higher income, which has been otherwise dormant for decades.

See a photo gallery of Pineapple Festival at Khousabung