TODAY -

E-Pao! Opinion - Manipuri English

Manipuri English

By: Sushitra *


I like to react to Mr. Ranjan Yumnam's article "Mend your Language." Before I give my opinion, I like to say a few things about language.

The function of a language is to communicate with the rest of the world. One should avoid and correct those sounds that are unintelligible to the hearer because the hearer should be able to understand the message you are conveying.

There is nothing as such that one language or an accent is more expressive and beautiful than the other. Language is something very organic. It grows and dies of its own, just as any living organism. In other words, I would say survival of the fittest.

In linguistics, fittest would mean the language that would bring economic progress. Economy has a great impact on language. Any language that would hinder economic progress will die, e.g., Sri Lankan Malay, which is going to die after a few decades.

Languages change from time to time, over the centuries. If you take a look at an Old English text, you would not understand a single word because Old English was one of the Germanic languages. Now, we can hardly see any features of a Germanic language in Present Day English.

English had a very different grammar, morphology, phonology, and vocabularies. In the course of time, it has lost almost all its inflections, and the meanings of many vocabularies have changed.

For example, the spelling of the Present Day English word king was cyning, and it was pronounced as kuning. Forget about the Old English, if you read Victorian literature written by Jane Austen, which are just one and a half century old, you will find several adjectives, which we do not use anymore. For example, the word gay once meant nice, but now it means homo.

Languages around the world, including the languages spoken in the jungle of Amazon and the languages of the Inuit, are as expressive as any modern languages, such as English, French or German.

However, these languages of the Amazon and Inuit may not have certain vocabularies, such as computer or any electronic gadgets because they do not need these words. Words do not exist if they are not needed. For instance, the word racism did not exist in the English Dictionary until Hitler's Nazi Germany.

5-6 centuries ago there was no Standard English as such. When they started Satandarization, they did not have enough vocabularies; therefore they coined several words, and borrowed from other languages.

The Standard English spoken in the United Kingdom is called RP (Received Pronunciation) or BBC English or Queen's English. RP is spoken by less than 3% of the entire population of the United Kingdom, and the rest speak dialects. RP became the Standard English because it was spoken by a few elites in London, but not because it was the most beautiful English dialect.

Similarly, le fran�ais standard (Parisian French) became the Standard French because it was spoken by a few elites in Paris, who had political power. These Standard languages were once dialects, just as other dialects of English and French at present.

If these standard languages were not spoken by elites or economically advanced people, they would have never become the Standard languages. In that case, some other dialects, such as Liverpool English or Patois of Vend�e would have probably become the Standard English and Standard French. This shows how politics and economy play games with language. Everything revolves around economy.

Most Manipuris speak both English and Hindi with Manipuri accent, and nothing is wrong with that. Non-Manipuris must be laughing at our accent, because we are economically disadvantaged group, and we are minority group.

However, do not forget that we can laugh at their accent, too. They, too, speak English with their native language accent. Speaking English very well does not mean that you have to speak like a British or an American because we can never speak like a native tongue, and we do not have to speak like them.

There is no original English as such. As I have already explained how English language has transformed in the course of time; it is constantly changing like any other languages. So, originality does not exist.

Today English is a global language, and there are varieties of Englishes around the world that have emerged after the Colonial Era, and these Englishes are known as Postcolonial Englishes. Mr. Ranjan says to Manipuris brush your language which means Manipuris need to speak like other non-Manipuris or, in other words Mayang English.

Well, let me use the International term "Indian English." Indian English is one of the Postcolonial Englishes, just as South African English, Nigerian English, Singlish (the English spoken in Singapore), Hongkong English, Tanzanian English, etc.

These Englishes have different syntactic systems from American and British English, and many native vocabularies have penetrated into these Englishes. There are countless varieties of Englishes around the world, so why can't Manipuri English be one of the varieties?

Talking about Indian English, there are again several varieties within Indian English itself. Listen to a Bengali, Punjabi, and a South Indian speaking English; you will hear enormous difference in their phonology. Now, tell me who is speaking the Standard English?

Manipuris speak English with Typical Manipuri accent, therefore many articulate and smart Manipuris suffer from the syndrome of tongue tightness outside Manipur, as Mr. Ranjan puts it. I do not understand who these smart and articulate Manipuris are.

If you are a smart and articulate person, you will fit anywhere in the world. Probably, Mr. Ranjan is talking about those Manipuris, who have fake degrees and diplomas, or who got their degrees from Manipur University by using unfair means. Then, Mr. Ranjan has used here wrong adjectives.

I have known many Manipuris, who have successful carrier in different parts of India and abroad, but I have never come across any smart and articulate Manipuris, whose tongues are tight during job interviews.

He mentions, "Most of the times your problems have their origins from your flat nose." I must say: give me a break. What an ignorant conclusion he has made! As I have already mentioned that politics and economy have great impact on language.

Look at Standard American English GA (General American) which was once regarded as vulgar and harsh has become more popular than the British English because of the American economy. Europeans are now learning Chinese because of the growing Chinese economy. This has nothing to do with our outlook and personality.

Coming back to Indian English (Mayang English). Indian English is not an International English either. When an Indian goes to the USA or Europe, Whites make fun of Indian English because Indians speak English with Indian accent.

Why don't the Whites make fun of a German or a French speaking English with a strong German and French accent? Simply because Germans and French are white Europeans; and they are economically more advance than the Indians.

Another reason of Manipuris finding it difficult to speak another language is the integration problem. Manipuris always have their own groups, and they do not like integration to other culture. This makes them docile and afraid when a long nose and big eyes approaches them.

I want to say to Manipuris: change your attitude, and integrate to the culture wherever you live. Do not look upon the Indian English, and do not try to speak like them because their English is not an International English either. Correct your unintelligible sounds, and try to speak International English.

I also like to react on e-pao chat-room. E-pao website has provided us a platform for discussion and debate. Some prefer to discuss something productive, and some prefer nonsense. This is an individual choice, and e-pao team is not BIG BROTHER. So, it is better to mind your own business.

Last but not the least; let's focus on political agenda and the attitude of Manipuris, but not on our personality and accent.


* Sushitra is currently doing Master in Education at Amsterdam as well as teach English in Kollege in The Netherlands. She has worked as a PE teacher at a school in Delhi for 6 years. This article was webcasted on August 08th, 2007.


* Comments posted by users in this discussion thread and other parts of this site are opinions of the individuals posting them (whose user ID is displayed alongside) and not the views of e-pao.net. We strongly recommend that users exercise responsibility, sensitivity and caution over language while writing your opinions which will be seen and read by other users. Please read a complete Guideline on using comments on this website.


LATEST IN E-PAO.NET
  • Protests - AT arrest [Jun 8 night] : Gallery
  • Violence in Manipur 2023-2025 : Timeline
  • Review of 'Rain Stopping in Manipur'
  • Highway blockades trigger soaring prices
  • Voice of the Masses :: Poem
  • Congress may claim if none
  • Learning new skills related to AI
  • Delhi, Raj Bhavan: Losing the plot ?
  • CBI arrest after Governor clemency assurance
  • Aftermath of flooding @ Khurai #1 : Gallery
  • Amuthoiba, Gaisimpu, Horyaola : eMing
  • Appeals Home Minister not to renew SoO
  • Self-defence :: Poem
  • When will humans learn nature's lessons ?
  • Forgotten voices of drug users in Manipur
  • High-yielding RC Manichakhao-1
  • PC Editorial Blank Space : June 09 2025
  • TSE Editorial Blank Space : June 09 2025
  • Flooding at JNIMS Hospital #2 : Gallery
  • North East NSS Festival @ MU : Gallery
  • Namphakey - A Thai Tradition in Assam
  • Understanding Manipur's recurring floods
  • Constitutional role, professional functions
  • Moscow Wushu C'ship: Manipur - 16 medals
  • The Power of Poppy - 84 :: Poem
  • 27th Meira Paibi Numit : Gallery
  • Micromanager vs Leader
  • Valedictory Function of NE NSS Festival
  • WED at various campuses in Manipur
  • World Environment Day 2025
  • Trump's tariff legacy & its global echo
  • Skin Cycling
  • MU: On reaching a milestone
  • WED observance amid flood crisis
  • Flooding at JNIMS Hospital #1 : Gallery
  • Environment Day @Chingmeirong : Gallery
  • Manipur's unyielding struggle for identity
  • Manipur youth lead the way in organic farming
  • Moscow Wushu : Manipur 2 gold & 16 medals
  • World Environment Day at MTI-HUB
  • World Environment Day at Ukhrul
  • Local actions for a global plastic-free future
  • Raj Bhavan since Feb 13, 2025
  • Time to focus on post-flood activities
  • Colonial Knowledge in NE India #3
  • Manipur is more than a name
  • Manipur Hill Areas Act, 1967 : Download
  • Cervical cancer remains 4th biggest cancer
  • Frontline Lessons of entrepreneurial burnout
  • Till death do us apart :: Poem
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Hidden enemy
  • The rain from May 28 to Jun 3
  • Resettlement assurance by ministry officials
  • Flooding Imphal East [31 May] #3 : Gallery
  • Strategic erosion of State authority in Manipur
  • Application : Film Appreciation Course
  • H Ranita leads revolution through SMILE
  • Water logging and floods of MLAs
  • NE In-Charge: Shri Sharda Sarvagya Peeth
  • Stand against border fencing
  • Lessons to learn from consecutive flood
  • Flooding Imphal East [31 May] #2 : Gallery
  • Call for permanent solution to recurring Flood
  • Manipur : Champions 25th Natl Wushu C'ship
  • North East NSS Festival 2025 at MU
  • Healing with Art for children at Relief Camps
  • Restricted movement on NH-02 stalls growth
  • The cadence of life :: Poem
  • The other side of the tragedy
  • Fund misuse slur as Imphal faces flood
  • Flooding Imphal East [31 May] #1 : Gallery
  • Precedent Rodent: The new architect of flood
  • Declare flood in Manipur as "State Calamity"
  • Commitment to end tobacco must translate...
  • The World Goes On :: Poem
  • Tracing the arc of tool making
  • Of rain & more rain & flood
  • NE no more immune to natural disasters
  • Sarangthem Nirupama at Miss Universe India
  • S Nirupama @Miss Universe : Gallery
  • Leimapokpam Ranjita: Nightingale Award
  • Dina Oinam transforming "Waste to Wealth"
  • The Power of Poppy - 83 :: Poem
  • Stop Targeting Against Meetei IDPs
  • Urges Action on Flood Negligence
  • Manipur Hill Areas Act, 1967 #4
  • Helpless Meiteis in their own land, Manipur
  • 9 Signs of a Person Who Truly Leads
  • Open Letter to Prime Minister
  • My life journey: Texas - Lone Star State
  • Summer hair masks
  • 'Free movement will take time'
  • Food grain sufficiency amid flood threat
  • Colonial Knowledge in NE India #2
  • June Calendar for Year 2025 : Tools
  • Women entrepreneurs on biodiversity
  • Management: Etymology- academic discipline
  • Quiet Things :: Poem
  • Condemns attack on NE Shopowner in Delhi
  • Shifting goalpost : Emerging political experts
  • Peaceful protest, so far
  • 2nd Emoinu Fish Festival #2 : Gallery
  • INNOTECH Fest 2025 for Manipur Startup
  • Condolence of Prof J V Narlikar at MU
  • Toxic politics of selling addiction to children
  • Citizens pay, officials delay
  • Tripura Esports Championship Season 1
  • Back from Delhi on 'positive' notes
  • Rooting for withdrawal of PR post Gwaltabi
  • Protesters to Raj Bhavan [May 25]: Gallery
  • The silent guardian of Manipur's environment
  • Strengthening Emergency Medicine in Manipur
  • Manipur's fragile truce between identity
  • Manipur Budget 2025-26: Unequal sharing #2
  • NE youths jobseeker in Delhi : Hospitality
  • My mother, Miss World :: Poem
  • A popular Govt: A better option ?
  • Governor skirts protesters, heightens tension
  • Human Chain @Airport road [May 26]: Gallery
  • Sanatan Sammelan in Manipur
  • 'Great Myna' conservation reaping success
  • WMC Manipur Unit AGM held
  • Wabi Sabi: A unique Japanese philosophy
  • Rescind Siang Dam, Arunachal
  • Another round of talk at Delhi
  • COCOMI-MHA meeting amid Gwaltabi
  • Manipur Hill Areas Act, 1967 #3
  • MoU signed between MDB & GPR Law
  • Guide for Job Seekers & Emerging Leaders
  • NERIST & NIELIT Itanagar Sign MoU
  • The Last Step: Celebrating Manipuri Dance
  • Faint Cries :: Poem
  • Reservation: Privilege or Real Justice ?
  • The virus is still very much alive
  • Bitter, sweet moments of Shirui Lily fest
  • Miss Shirui Pageant Contestant: Gallery
  • Meetei Mayek Summer Camp in Kolkata
  • Where hills hum hope, but ground trembles
  • Manipur railway driving growth & connectivity
  • Point-of-care health technologies
  • The Power of Poppy - 82 :: Poem
  • Colonial Knowledge in NE India #1
  • Manipur Budget 2025-26: Unequal sharing #1
  • Edible insects in biodiversity conservation
  • Mukesh Ambani at NE Investors Summit
  • Bees inspired by nature to nourish us all
  • Influencers! Responsibility should also go viral
  • Natural sunscreen: Exploring safe alternatives
  • Central forces dictating terms in the plains
  • Land of Shirui Lily: Manipur is this & more
  • 48 hrs Bandh: protest security forces: Gallery
  • Manipur is no empty word to be played with
  • Admission for B.Tech, M.Tech at DUIET
  • Condemnation: Govt & Mahar Regiment
  • Dress code, debating etiquette in democracy
  • Cervical cancer prevention through HPV
  • Beauty :: Poem
  • Utter disregard of public sentiment
  • Whispers between Beads & Silences #2
  • Bonds of love across the Burmese border
  • Investigate the action of Mahar Regiment
  • Shirui Lily Festival fosters brotherhood
  • Shining a light on retinoblastoma
  • Trump for Nobel peace prize
  • Protest Rally: Journalist harassment: Gallery
  • Action against harassment to journalists
  • Still, believe :: Poem
  • Change How You Think About Time
  • Nagas preserve heritage through handloom
  • India's declared undeclared war
  • Sanatan Sammelan 2025 at Imphal
  • No 'Manipur' in Manipur order
  • Improvised security steps for Shirui Lily fest !
  • Purul (Hiimai) Paoki Fest #3 : Gallery
  • Youth Empowerment at Shirui Lily Festival
  • Indo-Naga Talks (From 2012) :: Timeline
  • Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai
  • Audit for TB deaths is missing in #EndTB
  • Realm of Power :: Poem
  • Hospitals: Learn a bit about hospitality
  • Keeping the ST for Meiteis demand alive
  • Raking up ST issue as tension grips state
  • Manipur Hill Areas Act, 1967 #2
  • Welcome & Appeal from Shirui Village
  • Thoudam Akashini: Champion master athlete
  • National Endangered Species Day 2025
  • Avert Ego, Soul Near Me :: Poem
  • Clarification regarding News Coverage on AIR
  • Coming back after 4 years: Shirui Lily Fest
  • Festival to test efficiency of SFs
  • 76th Indian Republic Day #5 : Gallery
  • Khuraijam Phulendra Singh
  • Media role in preserving culture & harmony
  • World Hypertension Day 2025
  • Army Veterans pay tribute to Martyr Constable
  • The Power of Poppy - 81 :: Poem
  • Yaoshang Cooking competition : Gallery
  • Rejoice Singh: Makeup / Prosthetic: Gallery
  • Project Associate @ Assam University
  • Internship @ IEEE CIS Kolkata Chapter
  • Article 371C : Role of Governor & HAC #2
  • Recognize real ability, not marks
  • The rise of information warfare
  • Skin care routine for summer
  • Over three months of President's Rule
  • Toiling to reinstate Govt sans consensus
  • Whispers between Beads & Silences #1
  • Just to See :: Poem
  • Artisan blends craft to empower women
  • Chief Justice at Moirang Relief Camp
  • Lalruattluanga win at TrendVision Finale
  • Manipur mourn Deepak Chingakham
  • Strategic shift to underdeveloped regions
  • Candid NSCN (IM) make stand clear
  • Tourism festival under threat
  • 'Yelhou Yangkok Artist' Exhibit #3 : Gallery
  • Cultural @ Tri-Nation Football #2 : Gallery
  • HSLC 2025: Full Result (Check Roll No)
  • HSLC 2025: Important Info & Grading System
  • HSLC 2025 : Compartmental candidates
  • HSLC 2025 : Comparative Statement
  • HSLC 2025 : Statistical Abstract
  • HSLC 2025 : District Pass Percentage
  • HSLC 2025 : Govt School Pass %
  • HSLC 2025 : Aided School Pass %
  • HSLC 2025 : Private School Pass %
  • 21st Ningtham Kumhei #2 : Gallery
  • People's Convention on 3rd May #2 : Gallery
  • Interview with Rejoice Singh- Makeup Artist
  • Featured Front Page Photo 2025 #2: Gallery
  • Nongkhrang Ehanba @ Lilong : Gallery
  • People's Convention on 3rd May #1 : Gallery
  • Radio E-pao: New Channel - Khunung Eshei
  • Khongjom Day - April 23 #2 : Gallery
  • The Waterbirds of Loktak Lake
  • Imoinu Erat Thouni @Kangla : Gallery
  • Statues of 7 Maichous @Kyamgei : Gallery
  • Riya Khwairakpam : HSE Science Topper
  • Keisham Hannah : HSE Arts Topper
  • Warepam Lidia : HSE Commerce Topper
  • HSE 2025 Result : Science Full Result
  • HSE 2025 Result : Arts Full Result
  • HSE 2025 Result : Commerce Full Result
  • HSE 2025 Information / Abbreviation
  • HSE 2025 Topper : Science
  • HSE 2025 Topper : Arts
  • HSE 2025 Topper : Commerce
  • HSE 2025 : Pass Percentage
  • HSE 2025 : Result Abstract
  • HSE 2025 : Candidates with Highest Marks
  • Khongjom Day - April 23 #1 : Gallery
  • Cheiraoba by Manipuri in Korea : Gallery
  • Ougri Lirol :: Part 1 : Ooba Video
  • President's Rule in Manipur : 1967 - 2025
  • Downloadable Manipuri Calendar :: 2025
  • SPONSORED ADS