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E-Pao! Scientific Papers :: Catchments characterization of Loktak Lake

Catchments characterization of Loktak Lake
- Using Remote Sensing & GIS -
- Part 5 -

Rajkumari Sunita, Pradeep Srivastava, Asha Gupta *


Table 4.1 Data Source

Land Capability Grouping
(units) & Locations
Major Soil Constraints Recommendations/
Suggested Land Use
1 2 3
VIIe4s3
Mostly in high hills covering Ireng, Nungjang, Troglobilok, Churachandpur, & Liklai
  • Very steep slopes
  • Stoniness
  • Very severe erosion hazard
  • Very strong to extreme soil acidity
  • Low exchange capacity and base status
  • Shifting cultivation and land slides
Rill and gully erosion control by putting small check dams at frequent intervals; plantation of forest species in open areas with proper soil conservation of existing forest.
VIIe4s2
In high hills covering Sinda Bagan Leriong, Tairen Pokpi . Churachandpur Khoupum
  • Steep to very steep slopes
  • Very severe erosion hazard
  • Very strong to extreme soil acidity
  • Low exchange capacity
  • Low base status
  • Jhum cultivation
Gully erosion control with check dams, restriction of felling, firing, grazing, etc., plantation of forest species with proper soil conservation measures.
VIIe3s3
Mostly in hilly terrain covering Kangchup R.F., Kangchup Chiru RF. Bherum, Khonga Khul, Mairangching Khunou, Churachandpur
  • Moderately steep to very steep slopes
  • Severe erosion hazard
  • Stoniness
  • Very strong soil acidity
  • Low CEC and base status
  • Shifting cultivation
Contour terracing to protect the terraces; restriction of free grazing, firing, forest cutting; plantation of forest species are suited in this region.
Vie4s3
Mostly in hilly terrain covering Kangchup, Natokon, Lamdan, Kholrok and Parengba.
  • Moderately steep to steep slopes
  • Stoniness
  • Very severe erosion
  • Very strong soil acidity
  • Low exchange capacity
  • Shifting cultivation and land slides
Preservation of existing forest from firing, tree cutting, jhuming, grazing etc. and plantation of suitable forest species; provision for diversion channel and vegetative waterways. Contour terracing by putting stones to protect the terraces and gully erosion control.
Vie3s3
In hilly terrain covering , Sungang, Ireng, Bherum, Tairen Pokpi, Mairangching Khunou, Laipham, Gothol,
  • Moderately steep to steep slopes
  • Stoniness
  • Severe erosion
  • Very strong soil acidity
  • Low CEC and base status
  • Jhum cultivation
Afforestation of open areas, protect from jhuming, and grazing. Provision for diversion channel vegetative waterways and contour terracing.
Vie3s2
Mostly in hilly terrain covering Kangchup Chiru, Kangchup Makhon, Natop, Tairn Pokpi, Ngariyan
  • Moderately steep slopes
  • Severe erosion
  • Very strong soil acidity
  • Low base status
  • Shifting cultivation
Provision of diversion channel and vegetation waterways. Terracing by putting the stones to protect the terraces; preservation for existing forest from tree cutting, firing, grazing etc. along with agro silvi pastoral programme.
Vw4
In very low lying areas covering Charaibung, Khonumla and Karang.
  • Very severe limitation of water stagnation/ flooding
  • High water table
  • Very poor drainage
May be used for pisciculture and cultivation of waterchestnut with proper agronomic practices.
IVe3s3
Mostly in foot hills and isolated hillocks covering Kangchup, Meirang Ching Khunou, Mashemjang,
  • Moderately steep to very steep slopes
  • Stoniness
  • Very strong soil acidity
  • Low CEC and base status
  • Jhum cultivation
Maintenance of existing terraces by cover crops and plantation of perennial grass of legume variety; selected areas may be brought under fruit trees and other orchard crops with proper soil conservation and agronomic practices.
IVe2s3
In foot hills covering Bijan Tampok, Lonphal, Laching Manbi and Mairangching Khunou.
  • Moderately to moderately steep slopes
  • Stoniness
  • Very strong soil acidity
  • Moderate erosion hazard
  • Low CEC and base status
  • Shifting cultivation
Plantation of economical species on the ridges of the terraces, horticultural crops/ orchard crops in the side slopes with proper conservation measurers.
IVe2s2
Mostly in foot hills covering Bijang Tampok, Woynan, Isham Khuman and Mairangching Khunou
  • Moderately to moderately steep slopes
  • Moderate erosion hazard.
  • Very strong soil acidity
  • Low base status and exchange capacity.
Proper maintenance of existing terraces, provision for vegetative waterways, cultivation of plantation crops along with agro forestry.
IVw4
In low lying plains covering Thinnuggai, Ishok and Naurem
  • Very severe water stagnation
  • Very poor drainage
Cultivation of suitable varieties of paddy along with pisciculture; improvement of drainage.
IIIe2s3
Mostly in foot hills covering Khonga Khul, Chingphel, Kelthenmanbi, Rharyeng
  • Moderate slopes
  • Moderate erosion
  • Stoniness
  • Strong soil acidity
  • Low CEC
Proper soil conservation measures may help in growing various horticultural and plantation crops.
IIIe2s2
In lower slopes of foot hills covering Rharyeng Khunoi, Parengba, Bungte Chiru,
  • Moderately slopes
  • Moderate erosion
  • Strong soil acidity
  • Low CEC and base status
A variety of horticultural and plantation crops can be grown with proper soil and water conservation practices.
IIIe2w1
Mostly in gently sloping plains covering Khongathel, Koirentak Khunou,
  • Moderate erosion
  • Slight stagnation of water
  • Imperfect drainage.
These lands are suitable for rice and selective crops can be grown during winter season.
IIIw3
Mostly in nearly level to very sloping plains covering Khabi, Kamong, Awangjiri, Oksong-bung, Kwasiphai
  • Severe limitation of water stagnation
  • Poor drainage
These lands require drainage improvement and some selective crops can be grown during winter season.
IIe1w1
Mostly in very gently sloping plains covering Phaiyeng, Tairen Pokpi,
  • Slight stagnation of water
  • Imperfect drainage
These lands are suitable for rice and a number of crops can be grown during winter season.
IIw2
Mostly in very gently sloping to nearly level plains covering Khongarthel,
  • Moderate stagnation of water
  • Imperfect drainage.
These lands are suitable for cultivation of kharif rice and a number of crops can be grown during winter season.


Fig 6.1 Pictures of Loktak and its Catchment with DEM modeling.


REFERENCES:
  1. Anon (1994) "Wetland Mapping Projet- Implementation Plan" Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad.
  2. Biodiversity Conservation in Wetland (2004). Standards and Technical Guidelines, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad.
  3. Brivio P.A., Giardino C. and Zilioli E. (2001). Validation of satellite data for quality assurance in lake monitoring applications. The Science of the Total Environment, 268 (2001) 3-18
  4. C.L.Trisal and Th.Manihar (2002). "Management of Phumdis in Loktak Lake". Proc. Management of Phumdis in Loktak Lake, Imphal, Manipur.
  5. National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning (2002) "Land Capability of Loktak Catchment Area of Loktak Lake" Nagpur, Maharastra, Report No. 594.
  6. Roy, De Rashmi(1993) "Wetlands of India". Shish Pubhishing House, New Delhi.
  7. Singh N.S., Singh N.R., J.K.Garg, T.V.R. Murthy (1997) "Wetland of Manipur" MARSAC and Space Application Centre, Hyderabad 26-27pp.


Concluded...


* Rajkumari Sunita Devi is from Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre,
Pradeep Srivastava is from Deptt. of Limnology, Bharkhatullah University, Bhopal and
Asha Gupta is from Dept. of Life Sciences, Manipur University. This Scientific Paper was webcasted on 30th December 2007.


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