Appropriate farm mechanization for enhancing employment generation in Manipur : A holistic approach
- Part 3 -
Yumnam Jakender, RK Tiwari, SK Chauhan *
8 row rice transplanter:
It is used for transplanting of
mat type seedlings in puddle soils. It is equipped with 2.4 kW
diesel engine and has a fixed row spacing of 238 mm. It can
transplant 0.12–0.15 ha/day by working at a speed of 1.1-1.5
km/h. The unit price is Rs. 2.25 lakh.
SRI power weeder:
It is suitable for timely weeding
operation under all soil conditions in line sown paddy and SRI
paddy. It has two weeding blades and powered by 1.3 kW
engine having weight of 17 kg. The working width of the
weeder is 150 mm. The unit cost and cost of operation are
Rs. 40,000/- and Rs. 1100/ha, respectively. It saves 74 % in
cost of operation as compared to manual weeding.
Boom sprayer:
The machine is operated by 3.75 kW
diesel engine and is controlled by the operator from the
handle. The machine consists of a light weight power tiller
unit and a spraying unit.
Spray pump and two narrow pneumatic
wheels get power from the engine through gears, chains
and sprockets. One caster wheel is also provided at the rear,
which acts as supporting wheel. It costs Rs 25,000/- (attachment
only). It can cover 3-5 ha/day.
Multi orchard sprayer:
It consists of an HTP (horizontal
triplex piston) pump, trailed type main chassis with transport
wheels, chemical tank with hydraulic agitation system, cut off
device and boom equipped with turbo nozzles. It is fitted with
turbo nozzles with operating pressure of 883-1766 kPa. It
generates droplets of 100-150 micron sizes. It is suitable for
spraying chemicals. Its cost is Rs 30,000/-. It can cover 0.40-
0.70 ha/h at travel speed of 1.20-1.50 km/h.
Self-propelled walking type vertical conveyor reaper:
It
is an engine operated, walk behind type harvester suitable for
harvesting and windrowing cereals like wheat and paddy and
oilseed crops. The reaper consists of engine, power transmission
box, lugged wheels, cutter bar, crop row dividers,
conveyor belts with lugs, star wheels, operating controls and
a sturdy frame. The field capacity of the machine is 0.15-0.17
ha/h. There are savings of 90-95% in labour, time and cost
of operation as compared to conventional method.
Self-propelled fodder harvester (cutter bar type):
The
walk behind type self-propelled fodder harvester consists of
1450 mm cutter bar, mounted in the centre of the power
transmission. The prime mover is a 3.75 kW diesel engine
and power is transmitted through chains and sprockets. Its
effective field capacity is 0.18 ha/h. The cost of operation with
this machine is Rs. 1000/ha as compared to Rs. 2500/ha by
manual harvesting.
Power operated onion de-topper cum grader:
It is
suitable for de-topping and grading of onion crop. It is operated
by two single phase 0.75 kW electric motors. The
detopping capacity and efficiency of the machine are 238 kg/
h and 86%, respectively. The unit cost and cost of operation
of machine are Rs. 85000/- and 256 Rs./t, respectively.
Axial flow multi-crop thresher for hilly region:
The
axial flow multi-crop thresher is operated by single phase 1.5
kW motor/power tiller engine for threshing of cowpea,
soybean, black gram, paddy and wheat crops. The output
capacity of machine ranges 80-100 kg/h. Total losses vary
2.45-2.78%.
Whole crop maize thresher:
A whole crop maize thresher
is used for shelling of maize cob and simultaneously converting
stalk to chaff. The thresher is designed for 5.5 kW power
with spike tooth cylinder having 6-7 bolts per row on periphery.
The output capacity of whole crop maize thresher is 210
kg/h.
CIAE multi-crop thresher:
It is suitable for threshing
wheat, maize, sorghum, rice, gram, soybean, mustard and
linseed crops. It consists of spike tooth cylinder, aspirator type
blower and sieve shaker. Two top covers, three concaves,
three sieves and variable cylinder speeds (7-21 m/s) are provided
for threshing different crops.
Multi-crop plot thresher:
It is suitable for precision
threshing samples of wheat, gram, sorghum, soybean and
pearl millet. It consists of a spike tooth cylinder, concave,
aspirator blower and sieve shaker. The capacity of this equipment
is 3-4 times higher over manual method of threshing
crop samples. Its grain recovery is over 99.5%.
It costs Rs.
28,000/- with motor and cost of operation is Rs. 80-130/q.
Power operated maize dehusker-cum-sheller: The machine
has threshing cylinder of 495 x 1460 mm size with peg
type drum. It uses centrifugal type blower. The output of
machine varies from 16.9 to 20.5 q/h .
Tractor operated equipment/machine
Pulverizing roller attachment to tiller:
Pulverizing roller
is an attachment to commercially available cultivator. It consists
of star wheels, central shaft, pulverizing members,
mounting link and depth control tee. The cost of machine is
Rs. 6,500/- and field capacity is 0.4 ha/h. The savings in fuel
and time with this machine are 20-35% and 20-30%, respectively.
It saves 20-30 percent water requirement for paddy
fields.
Check basin former:
The machine forms check basins of
2x6 m size and has an effective field capacity of 0.15 ha/h.
The cost of the equipment is Rs. 50,000/- and cost of operation
is Rs. 3073/ha.
Zero-till seed-cum-fertilizer drill:
It has been developed
to sow wheat directly in rice harvested fields without preparing
the seedbed. It consists of tubular steel section frame, seed
and fertilizer boxes, fluted roller metering mechanism, two
depth control wheels, inverted 'T' type furrow openers and
ground wheel with lugs. The field capacity of the machine is
0.36 ha/h in single pass. The cost of the implement is Rs.
22,000-25,000/unit. The cost of digging turmeric with the
implement is Rs. 4830/ha.
Tractor mounted fodder harvester:
The tractor operated
flail type harvester cum chopper cum is used for harvesting,
chopping and loading operations simultaneously. It can be
used for harvesting bajra, sorghum, maize, berseem and oats
with height from 1.0 to 2.5 m. The effective field capacity and
cost of operation are 0.20 ha/h and Rs 1500/ha, respectively.
The unit price of machine is Rs. 2.00 lakh.
Tractor mounted root crop harvester-cum-elevator:
The
root crop harvester-cum-elevator was developed by PAU,
Ludhiana for digging onion and other root crops. The field
capacity of the machine was 0.28, 0.24, 0.21 and 0.21 ha/h
for digging of carrot, potato, garlic and onion crops, respectively.
The approximate cost of the machine is Rs. 40,000/-.
The saving in labour range from 62 to 71.
Tractor operated banana clump remover:
A tractor
operated banana clump remover is developed by adopting
frame of nine-tyne cultivator. Two sub-soilers perform as a
fork for removing the banana clump. A deflector is provided
to push the soil sideways. The field capacity of machine is 0.5
ha/h. The cost of manual digging of the clumps comes to Rs.
2000-2500/ha. The cost of operation with the equipment is Rs
700/ha. Thus, there is a saving of Rs. 1800/ha.
Tractor mounted banana shredder:
The banana stem
shredder helps in disposing of the stem immediately after
harvest. The shredding unit consisted of 4 blades placed
perpendicular to each other at 2.25 m distance. Additionally,
12 nos. of spikes with flat cutting edge are fitted with a gap
of 120 mm between the rows.
The blades are driven by the
PTO of the tractor with a bevel gear box and the hopper is
trapezoidal in shape with a height of 800 mm. It takes 1.2
minutes to shred the stem having average height of 2.40 m.
The cost of operation of this machine is 300/h. ()
concluded....
* Yumnam Jakender, RK Tiwari, SK Chauhan wrote this article for The Sangai Express
Y Jakender is the Head, Dept of Agri Engg, College of Agriculture (CAU), Imphal. RK Tiwari is the Ex. Research Engineer, CAEPHT (CAU), Ranipool, Sikkim and SK Chauhan is the Asst Prof, CAEPHT, Ranipool, Sikkim)
This article was posted on October 06 2016.
* Comments posted by users in this discussion thread and other parts of this site are opinions of the individuals posting them (whose user ID is displayed alongside) and not the views of e-pao.net. We strongly recommend that users exercise responsibility, sensitivity and caution over language while writing your opinions which will be seen and read by other users. Please read a complete Guideline on using comments on this website.